Introduction
The fallopian tubes, also known as uterine tubes or oviducts, are a pair of thin, muscular tubes that play a crucial role in the female reproductive system. They connect the ovaries to the uterus. Each fallopian tube is about 10-13 centimeters (4-5 inches) long.
The primary functions of the fallopian tubes are:
Ovulation and Fertilization
The fallopian tubes are the site where fertilization typically occurs. When an egg (ovum) is released from an ovary during ovulation, it is picked up by the fimbriae, finger-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes. The egg then travels through the fallopian tube toward the uterus. If sperm are present in the fallopian tube after sexual intercourse, fertilization can take place here.
Transport of Egg and Sperm
The fallopian tubes provide a pathway for the egg to travel from the ovaries to the uterus. They also provide a suitable environment for the sperm to travel from the vagina through the cervix and into the upper reproductive tract.
Early Embryo Development: After fertilization, the resulting zygote (fertilized egg) undergoes several divisions and becomes a blastocyst. This early-stage embryo travels down the fallopian tube and reaches the uterus, where it implants into the uterine lining and begins to develop into a fetus.
Secretions and Nutrient Supply
The fallopian tubes secrete various substances that support the survival and movement of both sperm and the developing embryo.
It's important to note that if a fallopian tube is blocked or damaged, it can affect fertility and increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy, a potentially life-threatening condition where a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, usually in a fallopian tube.
Various factors, such as infections, endometriosis, and pelvic inflammatory disease, can lead to fallopian tube issues. In some cases, medical intervention may be necessary to address these problems and improve fertility.
